The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.